Camera Movement

Types of camera movement:

Crab: Crabbing is a less common term for tracking however it tends to move side to side as opposed to forwards/backwards.
Its effect: this is commonly used to keep up with the action to enable the audience to see around the subject to feel like they're involved. 

Dolly: A dolly shot is where the camera is mounted on a track in order to get a smooth shot, from a dolly shot the shots tend to be in and out and can also be known as a tracking shot. 
Its effect: this is commonly used to keep up with the action to give the audience a sense of realism.

Dolly Zoom: A dolly zoom shot is when the camera is moving either towards or away from the subject, again on a track, however the zoom is adjusted to keep the subject the same size to fit the frame.
Its effect: the dolly zoom can be used to show a sense of vertigo if a character is up high, it can also be used to show an emotion as Spielberg did in Jaws.

Follow: This shot is simply following the person or object at the same distance, commonly with the use of a stedicam but it can also be done via a tracking shot. 
Its effect: this makes the audience feel like they are physically in with the character, providing a sense of realism as it feels like they're the one following what they are doing.

Pan: A common shot in which the camera has a horizontal movement of left to right,
Its effect: This shot is usually used to establish the setting of a film or music video to make it clear to the audience. 

Pedestal: This is where the camera moves vertically on the subject in an up and down motion. 

Tilt: This shot is where the camera is pointed in a vertical motion to change the camera angle. 
Its effect: changes the angle of the shot on the subject to a high angle shot which would make the character appear superior or the low angle shot which would make the character powerless. It changes the audience's perspective of the audience.

Track: A tracking shot is similar to the dolly shot in which the camera is mounted on a track, however in a tracking shot the more common use is parallel to the action and which stays a constant distance from the action.
Its effect: again the same as a dolly shot, this is commonly used to keep up with the action to give the audience a sense of realism and enables them to see everything that is going on.

Truck: This is another uncommon term for a tracking or a dolly shot, the camera tends to move side to side as opposed to a dolly or tracking shot. 
Its effect: again the same as a dolly/tracking shot, this is used to keep up with the action.

Zoom: A zoom isn't a camera movement as such however there is a change in the focal length to make the subject either closer or further away. 
Its effect: the same as dolly zoom - it can be used to show a sense of vertigo if a character is up high, it can also be used to show an emotion as Spielberg did in Jaws.